Published Papers

Volume 31 - Issue 2 (ICEE Special Issue)
Special Issue Papers

Adaptability evaluation of relay protection in a GFM inverter system

Hua Xie, Tao Huang, Xiaochun Xu, Nannan Wang, Qingchun Zhao and Haiyang Xu
Pages: 1-8Published: 31 Dec 2024
DOI: 10.33430/V31N2ICEE23-JY173
Cite thisHide

Xie H, Huang T, Xu X, Wang N, Zhao Q and Xu H, Adaptability evaluation of relay protection in a GFM inverter system, HKIE Transactions, Vol. 31, No. 2 (ICEE Special Issue), Article ICEE23JY173, 2024, 10.33430/V31N2ICEE23-JY173

 Copy

Abstract:

This paper introduces typical Grid-Forming (GFM) technologies in power grids, including steady-state and fault current limiting strategies, studies the equivalent structures of steady-state and fault traversal under GFM technology, analyses electrical characteristics under different fault types from the voltage plane, and illustrates the differences from traditional synchronous systems. This paper analyses the phase current differential protection, zero sequence current differential protection, and positive sequence voltage polarisation distance protection applied in traditional power grids, and clarifies their action behaviour under the GFM system. The analysis shows that the GFM technology creates a relatively good operating environment for relay protection by simulating the basic characteristics of synchronous generators, which is conducive to improving the operational performance of relay protection.

Keywords:

GFM inverter; electrical characteristics; fault ride through; differential protection; distance protection

Reference List:

  1. Catalin A, Taouba J and Florian D (2017). Gridforming control for power converters based on matching of synchronous machines. Automatica, 95, pp. 273-282.
  2. Li ZL, Chan KW, Hu JF and Or SW (2022). An adaptive fault ride through scheme for grid-forming inverters under asymmetrical grid faults. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 69(12), pp. 12912-12923.
  3. Lin XC, Zheng Y, Liang ZG and Kang Y (2021). The suppression of voltage overshoot and oscillation during the fast recovery process from load shortcircuit fault for three-phase stand-alone inverter. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 9(1), pp. 858-871.
  4. Ma X, Lu Y, Tian J and Wang N (2023). Key Technologies and Challenges of Grid-forming Control for Flexible DC Transmission System. Automation of electric power system, 47(3), pp. 1-11.
  5. Rakhshani E, Cortes PR, Remon D and Candela JI (2014). An active power synchronization control loop for grid connected converters. In: 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition. National Harbor, USA: IEEE, pp. 1-5.
  6. Rosso R, Wang X, Liserre M, Lu X and Engelken S (2021). Grid-forming converters: control approaches, grid-synchronization, and future trends - a review. IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2, pp. 93-109.
  7. Shim JW, Verbic G, Kim H and Hur K (2019). On droop control of energy-constrained battery energy storage systems for grid frequency regulation. IEEE Access, 7, pp. 166353-166364.
  8. Wand P (2022). Dynamic Current-limiting Control Strategy of Grid-forming Inverter Under Grid Faults. High Voltage Engineering, 48(10), pp. 3829-3837.
  9. Wu H and Wang XF (2022). Small-signal modeling and controller parameters tuning of grid-forming VSCs with adaptive virtual impedance-based current limitation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 37(6), pp. 7185-7199.
  10. Zhan C, Wu H, Wang X and Tian J (2023). An Overview of Stability Studies of Grid-forming Voltage-source Converters. Proceedings of the CSEE, 43(6), pp. 2339-2358.
  11. Zheng T, Chen L, Chen T and Mei S (2015). Review and prospect of virtual synchronous generator technologies. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 39(21), pp.165-175.
  12. Zhong QC and Weiss G (2011). Synchronverters: inverters that mimic synchronous generators. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58(4), pp. 1259-1267.
>> more<< less